A sensor is a forward observer. It's the electronic equivalent of a the man in the foxhole calling back "right 100, up 200 - fire for effect" in the modern world. I would expect most FAO's in the future to be sensor drones, or fixed sensors, or whatever fusion of data you need for your firing vehicle to make it's target determination. You'd also have direct feed or pre-plotted data sent to you. Energy weapons function so much differently than anything tube-based it's not even funny.I'm going to stick with the canon answer for meson guns. (which may or may not also apply to cannon - oh, never mind, that was bad, even for me, and I'm not even a dad.) It does to allow forward observers to be used. And if the editor doesn't agree, its not hard to move the meson guns to a different section and a different table.
The way Heavy Weapons skill is written in the Core book is unhelpful, because the specialties are Artillery and Vehicle (and Portable - but that's not as important), are whether they are mounted on a vehicle (Vehicle) or put in emplacement (Artillery). Not as either direct or indirect fire. Heck, even the definition of Portable isn't exact since it describes things that could be a lot bigger than what even a Virushi could carry.
And the examples both indicate an 'Artillery Piece' and talk about 'at a visible target' and 'using indirect fire' with the Heavy Weapons (artillery) skill.
The specialties could be described as (direct) or (indirect) but the same weapon (in the case of cannon, anyway - howitzers certainly) could potentially be fired directly or indirectly. So are you skilled in the weapon system (which could do both) or in the way a whole bunch of otherwise unrelated weapons are aimed? Or are you only good at firing the same weapon system if its installed in a vehicle (regardless of whether its a tanks of a battleship) on in an emplacement (which could be in a concrete bunker or just siting in a field weighed down with sandbags?
I dunno.
Having a vehicle move your tube vs lugging it yourself doesn't change much how you fire it. Once you understand how a mortar (or cannon) works you've met half the problem. And gun bunnies who use towed vs motorized artillery do the same job - the towed guys just have to know how to set up the gun spades and couple/decouple from the truck. The rest (humping shells, tossing out spares, counting powder bags, etc) is the same. More maintenance on motorized gear, but essentially the same job across the spectrum. There are going to be some peculiarities between say an 82mm mortar crew vs. M1129 Stryker 120mm mortar system. And when you get into vehicles you get silly things like autoloaders where you can actually fire 3-5 rounds back to back and have them all essentially impact at the same time (yay ballistics!). Can't do such things with single-round tube style, but you get the point.
I can tell you that they don't really train you much to employ your indirect fire weapons in direct-fire mode. That's the equivalent of the "shiite has hit the fan" and you are desperate to stop an enemy who is not too close to you. If your primary job is indirect fire then that's what you train for and that's what your bosses want you to do. As I stated elsewhere, it's entirely POSSIBLE to have 0 degree elevation and engage a target in front of you with your gun (or even howitzer). It's just that the Book says that's not your job and you should really be moving to the rear with your gun if the enemy is getting that close. In ye olde days you'd load case shot for times like that, but there's no anti-personnel rounds these days for tube artillery.
Just so you know, a howitzer and gun (or cannon) are the same thing - but designed for different ranges and types of fighting. Howitzers trajectories (hence their lower range) are different than guns/cannons. Think bell curve for howitzers and a better distribution level for the gun. The howitzer has a shorter barrel than the same type of gun to enable it to fire in a different mode. Rarely would you see a gun have a fire mission at very short range, where you 'd expect a howitzer to do so. A howitzer crew is expected to be much closer to the enemy than a gun crew, and, generally, are assigned lower down in the ranks for fire support. Guns are meant to deployed further to the rear and their usage is directed at higher levels (think company level for howitzer assets and brigade/division for guns). That's a general rule of thumb, but it gives you a good idea of some of the differences.