Well, when I rent a car, or have rented a U-haul, they always ASK me if I want insurance, but my normal car insurance covers liability while I'm operating it. In this case my liability is the equivalent of collision insurance for the owner of the car/truck I'm renting. However my goods in the back of the van are carried at my own risk (or via my homeowners insurance if I have it). My car insurance covers it because it's under a non-commercial clause and people do not rent (and wreck) rentals as much as they do their own cars. It's same reason why insurance companies now have exclusions for people that earn their living doing things like Door Dash or Uber. That increases risk and is not casual, thus puts the insurance companies at higher risk for payouts.
Insurance depends greatly on who owns the asset and who is taking on the risk. If you own your own free trader, you can risk it and yourself a whole lot! Though the game doesn't cover it... you'd think the Imperium would require some sort of minimal insurance for anything that can fall out of the sky or hit a station.. kill yourself, but somebody has to pay for the repairs.
... quick segue - in the real world we are seeing play out the tragedy of the ship hitting the Francis Scott Key bridge. The owner/operator of the ship agreed to pay $103 million in damages to cover the bridge and clean up. This after first trying to get away with a maximum liability of 'just' $44 million. It's maritime law, so covered under different rules, and the company isn't in the US either. Rebuilding just the bridge alone will probably top $2 billion and the US taxpayer will have to pay. I haven't heard how any of the cargo owners for all that cargo sitting in the containers will make out, or if they will end up eating costs for that cargo, or the delays. It's an area of the law I have zero knowledge of or visibility in to. I've just dealt with personal and business stuff (costs and agreements) ....back to the diatribe
Agreed, banks won't care about the cargo - that insurance is for the cargo owner to deal with. In ye olde days of sail many ship owners also owned the cargo as so much was owner/operator speculation. They would take out insurance on both the ship and cargo. It's where Lloyd's of London got their start back in the late 17th century.
Tramp freighters may often not even have mortgages since the ships are old and would be hard to get a mortgage against anyways. Not that you couldn't but like used cars it's harder to find people to lend against them than newer ones. And, often, the people buying used are not necessarily able to buy new anyways. I'm sure ships would be similar in that sense.