To me, using 2 days as a 'standard' for the Imperial Navy's J4 ships has the right 'feel' of balancing factors. The 1/n curve for the relationship of space needed for the processors to the amount of time needed to process makes 2 days feel like good balance point of cost-effectiveness, speeding up an additional day doubles the space needed for processors while stretching the time to 3 days only saves 1/3 of the space.
At J4, this 2-day mark corresponds to 1% of the hull. That additional 1% to achieve fuel processing in 1 day is the equivalent space for either an additional G on the M-drive, repair drones, 100 days of SUs (per HG2020), a sensor extension net, a tow cable, or at TL15 making the hull Adjustable. It's even more space (1% vs 0.8%) than an additional point of Bonded Superdense armor on a standard hull. Especially as ships get bigger the trade-off of other potential uses of the space for options, equipment, or weapons becomes larger for the additional processors.
There certainly are situations where it is highly desired to squeeze the time as much as possible, for example a disaster response, that leave space for specialized designs with faster refining. Arguably the X-boat network is this concept taken to the extreme.
Flipping to a slightly different perspective, reserving 1% of the hull for fuel processors (of the standard efficiency that refine 20 tons of fuel per day per ton of processor) is a proportional sweet-spot: it takes 1/2 of a day to refine 1 parsec's worth of fuel, regardless of the size of the jump-drive. That is such easy rule-of-thumb math I can easily see it becoming a procurement board starting point to be 'revisited later' in the development process.