Rikki Tikki Traveller said:
Babies can be made in other ways than naturally in a SciFi setting.
Consider:
CJ Cherryh used clones in her Company Wars setting.
Lois McMastes Bujold uses Uterine Replicators in her Miles Vorkosigan setting. AND she created a planet entirely of men.
Cloning and artificial Wombs are both possible at Traveller tech levels. When you remove the gestation period from the reproduction equation, then populations are no longer tied to the desires of the breeders. The Government can control the population rate by adding/reducing the number of artificial persons. Set a cultural bias against natural (dirty) pregnancies and the government controls the population numbers. Make it commericial and the government doesn't control the population, corporations do, and if making babies is profitable, they will make a lot of babies.
Indeed, and that would be a "special circumstance" ... however, unless they appear on the scene as fully educated adults (IIRC that's the case for Cherryh's "Downbelow Station" ... but its a long time since I read it) then, as in Bujold's "Vorkosigan" series you still don't have large families ... Beta Colony practices, IIRC, population control, wasn't Cordelia an only child? The hint is, IIRC, that that's more or less normal for Beta ... and on Barrayar, well, Miles is an only child, really (Mark is not a voluntary birth chosen by the parents), and so is Ivan (OK, Ivan's father is executed before Ivan is born, yeah) and, apart from the one Count who has all those daughters (and gets into strife over it because of the method), it seems as if most of the noble families have only one child, perhaps two, as the norm.
Even in "In the Mountains of Mourning" and sequel(s) the backswoods types seem to have relatively small families, or are at least heading that way now that "civilizashun" is reaching them.
Of course, Traveller doesn't encourage the level of genetic engineering and related tech that Downbelow Station represents ... seems opposed to it, in fact ... its certainly not canon (not that, IMO, canon should always be the arbiter) and, of course, in DS, there are very specific and localised and limiting reasons why DS goes the route it does which the Imperium would be, on my impression anyway, fairly violently opposed to ... YMMV.
Barrayar tech? Sure. Why not. But since it really only cuts nine months out of the equation, leaving the parents with a minimum of five or six years of considerable economic cost (till the kid starts school), this doesn't actually encourage the women to likely have more ... the reason they don't is because of the impact of child-
rearing on their careers ... and artificial wombs don't change that cost.
As for childcare, well, yes, but, at least here in Oz, according to the ABS, women also don't
want to put their kids in childcare until they are at least school age, and regard it as the great imposition that effectively reduces the number they are likely to have ... and so there's a limit there, as well.
Phil