AKAramis said:
Pete: your overlooking one other element with parrying daggers: a functional short sword (like many 16th C "daggers") can effectively parry a slash, but the additions so common to parrying daggers (curved quillions, etc.) provide no benefit in deflecting slashing weapons.
Was that sentence supporting my view on why parrying 'daggers' evolved? I'm a bit confused what exactly you are saying here, so forgive me if I've misunderstood your point!
Historically from the perspective of the fighting manuals which have survived, we see sword and dagger combat only really begin in the late 15th century. It is introduced by the Italians, who at that time were advocating using the point of the sword over its edge, since 'thrusting is a faster attack, and always penetrates the body' (not much armour around at that period).
The first example of S&D I've seen is in Achille Marozzo's manual of 1568. The opening stances of the illustrations in the manuscript show the left (dagger) arm and shoulder of the fencer leading, with the sword shoulder behind and its hilt held low. This places the points of both weapons at about the same place. However, from this stance you cannot easily swing the blade in a slashing attack, it is a thrusting opening only.
http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/NewManuals/Marozzo/p035.jpg
Salvator Fabris' manual of 1606 shows the transition of fighting has gone completely to the thrust, since the stances of the fencers has warped to a weird leaning forwards position. The stance is so awkward I cannot personally duplicate it in any form, and an effective slashing blow is near impossible to throw from such a position. The illustrations of Fabris have never lent me any confidence that the dagger was much use, despite the fact that the awkward stance narrows down the target region to a much smaller area!
http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/Fabris/book1/04012102.jpg
Based on this, it can be extrapolated that sword and dagger was not a preferred weapon combination until the era of the thrusting weapon was on the ascent.
AKAramis said:
Parries of slashing weapons can be done with a short blade... but such parries are redirections of the swing and these are easier with longer blades.
Which was what I was trying to clarify. The longer the blade, the easier the parry.
AKAramis said:
And I don't know about you, but when fencing, I find most of my attacks involve taking (and keeping) the opponent's long blade out of line with my short blade, in order to create the opening for my own long blade. While that technically isn't parrying, it is one of the primary uses of the main gauche.
My preference when I fence (which is secondary to my heavy fighting I must admit) is vice versa. I place the emphasis on self preservation, by using my longer blade to parry over the opportunity to impale my opponent.
Although I have tried using the dagger for primary defence, I find I cannot protect myself
consistently using it that way. I normally use the dagger as a closing attack if I have cleared the opponent's longer weapon with my own. Or I use the dagger to bind my opponent's longer weapon if I have voided a poor attack by footwork, or have used my longer blade to safely redirect the attack to the control of my dagger.
For me Capo Ferro (yet another Italian who advocated thrusting) had it right in his manual of 1610 with his revolutionary new stance having the rapier arm and shoulder forwards and keeping the dagger back for opportunities. Although Capo Ferro was not big on slashing, having your sword arm leading still allows this type of attack, but leaves the dagger in a weaker position where primary parries are more difficult.
http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/NewManuals/CapoFerro/10001089.jpg
However, even his illustrations show how easy it is to void the parrying dagger with a quick redirection of the wrist...
http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/NewManuals/CapoFerro/10001091.jpg
But one of the final illustrations demonstrates my personal method of winning a fight if I have to use an off-hand dagger...
http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/NewManuals/CapoFerro/10001129.jpg
Cheers!