Well, I've started to look through it and, in answer to the original question, I've got to say that Starfinder is not, in my opinion, really competing with Traveller - except maybe in the same sense that Jane Eyre competes with, say, Anne Rice's Vampire series. Yeah, they're both part of the same industry, but any given target customer is either solidly in one camp or the other, or they're going to get both and there's not really any competition involved.
Starfinder is different enough in tone and content that it's not really the same sort of game as Traveller. It's a fairly early impression, but I get the feeling that the goal was some sort of a fusion of Spelljammer - or maybe Dragon*Star - with the gaming feel of X-Crawl. Or maybe a role-playing version of Warhammer 40K, but not as gritty-feeling and distopian. In any case, it doesn't feel like Traveller... which isn't to say that you couldn't houserule one to be more like the other, but is there really anyone here who doesn't understand that sort of process anyway?