A number do, as has been mentioned Klink shieds, Rom cloaks, Fed combined Drone racks, Gorn awesomeness :wink:
There isn't really a need for the whole we are klingon and all klingon are born warriors so we get X, the Federation are technologicaly more advanced and so get Y and the Gorn are so fearsome in battle they get Z.
I know Matt is a Games Workshop player (he also does Traveller and ACTA-SF so I'll let him off the GW stuff :lol: ) but I hope he doesn't bring in anything like that. Its a complete pain to balance against everyone else, and leads to munchkingdom (see GW).
The fleets are the game, the ships are nicely seperate enough and have enough Empire tstyle to be differant to play.
May be some empire specific captains powers but to be honest I don't think the game needs "Racial Abilities".