These are some terms used about sentient species in Traveller:
Major race: independently invented jump. Droyne, Vilani, Zhodani, Solomani, Vargr, Hiver, K'kree, Aslan, and possibly others that have vanished (including the Ancients, before they were discovered to be a population of Droyne). Both Aslan and Geonee are matters of controversy. Aslan claim independent invention, while some claim their jump drive was originally reverse engineered from a Solomani misjump wreck. Geonee claim independent invention, but Vilani claimed that the Geonee reverse engineered a Vilani drive. The Aslan are typically given the benefit of doubt due to the size of their territory, but Geonee are generally dismissed because the Vilani subjugated them long before their empire collapsed.
Minor race: any sentient species, human or not, that did not invent jump.
Minor human race: a human population that was transplanted from Earth to another world by the Ancients, but did not invent jump.
Variant human race: a human race that is genetically different from other humans to be a distinct species. In some cases, the distinction between variant human race and minor human race is fuzzy, for the same reasons that the distinction between species and subspecies is fuzzy.
There could be a term for uplifted species, but I don't know of any.