I just ignore them as not in character with my vision of Traveller, but that doesn't really answer your question.
The first question is whether the high law world has the technology to detect augments. If not, they might ignore them.
Some low tech worlds, however, might ban them even if their law level was moderate.
But the standard case is a world where the guards at the extra-territoriality line of a starport can detect them. In that case, I suppose one consideration would be whether the same features would be legal if not built in. Some examples:
- If someone has subdermal armor equal to Jack, is Jack legal? If wearing Jack is legal, comparable subdermal armor is legal.
- If someone has a strength amplification, what is their resulting strength? If it exceeds the natural maximum, it might be illegal, but if not, maybe it's legal. On the other hand, it might be illegal anyway, in the same way that a sword might be illegal even if a landscape or jungle machete of similar dimensions are legal.
- If someone has a built-in weapon that would be illegal if carried in hand, it's probably illegal.
So, what if an augment is illegal? Some possibilities:
- Forbidden to cross the extra-territoriality line; confined to the starport
- Required to travel with a minder, pay the minder's salary
- Required to wear an identifying marking conspicuously on one's clothing
- Required to post a bond to ensure that the augment would not be misused
- Required to register
- Etc.