The obvious use that fighters have is for patrolling. Space is big and having a lot of fighter patrolling makes it a lot more likely to find the enemy before they find you. They is also good for engaging lighter enemy units, pirates, tankers, supply ships, troop ships, and stopping smugglers and blockade runner (so civilian ships). Pretty often they are streamlined, so they are also good for atmospheric engagements and ground targets. In major fleet engagements they probably mostly go for the smaller enemy units, and scout around to make sure no more enemies sneak up.Hopefully I’m not going over old ground (I’m still catching up on this thread), but thinking ought to be given how fighters would be used. Often in games involving space combat they’re little different than additional turrets for the fleet that fly alongside the main fleet when battle is engaged. If that’s the case then why not just build those turrets directly onto a more durable ship than small fighter craft?
If fighters are going to merit use in space combat then I think that means they ought to be playing a role similar to carrier launched aircraft since WWII. They need the ability to range much farther and far more quickly than the main fleet can.
If the fighters can do the above then that brings into question the viability of battleships and dreadnoughts. If fighters don’t bring this capability then Traveller carriers ought to relegated a role similar to that envisioned for carriers (as “aviation cruisers” or CV/cruiser voler/flight cruiser if you want to go back to earlier roots) as ships that would fan out and scout ahead of the battle fleet to attempt to find the enemy fleet before your own was found.
It seems you can either have a space ship combat dominated either by carriers with their fighter craft or by huge battleships. I don’t think it makes sense to have carriers and battleships as coequal. The Japanese seemed to think this in WWII, bringing along battleships to many carrier battles where they didn’t have an impact, and that didn’t work out well for them.
The WWII analogy is not good, since Traveller fighters don't have a lot of punch, which they would generally need to get through a battleship's armour. They would be good against thin-skinned targets though.
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