The Double Esalin Arrangement

Or, the real reason why everybody would prefer Esalin to remain neutral territory:-

Double Esalin Arrangement

The Double Esalin Arrangement is a tax avoidance strategy that Imperium-based megacorporations use to lower their income tax liability. The idea is to use payments between related entities in a corporate structure to shift income from a higher-tax country to a lower-tax country. It relies on the fact that Esalin tax law does not include effective transfer pricing rules.

Overview

Typically, the company arranges for the rights to exploit intellectual property outside the Imperium to be owned by an offworld company. This is achieved by entering into a cost sharing agreement between the Imperium parent and the offworld company, in the terms of Imperium transfer pricing rules. The offworld company continues to receive all of the profits from exploitation of the rights outside the Imperium, without paying Imperial tax on the profits unless and until they are remitted to the Imperium.

It is called "The Double Esalin" because it requires two Esalin companies to complete the structure. The first Esalin company is the offworld company which owns the valuable non-Imperium rights. This company is tax resident in a tax haven, such as Arden, Darrian, Gram or even Trexalon. Esalin tax law provides that a company is tax resident where its central management and control is located, not where it is incorporated, so that it is possible for the first Esalin company not to be tax resident in Esalin. The first Esalin company licenses the rights to a second Esalin company, which is tax resident in Esalin, in return for substantial royalties or other fees. The second Esalin company receives income from exploitation of the asset in states outside the Imperium, but its taxable profits are low because the royalties or fees paid to the first Esalin company are deductible expenses. The remaining profits are taxed at the Esalin rate of 12.5%.

For companies whose ultimate ownership is located in the Imperium, the payments between the two related Esalin companies might be non-tax-deferrable and subject to current taxation as Subpart F income under the Imperial Internal Revenue Service's Controlled Foreign Megacorporation regulations if the structure is not set up properly. This is avoided by organizing the second Esalin company as a fully-owned subsidiary of the first Esalin company resident in the tax haven, and then making an entity classification election for the second Esalin company to be disregarded as a separate entity from its owner, the first Esalin company. The payments between the two Esalin companies are then ignored for Imperium tax purposes.

Zhodani Sandwich

The addition of a Zhodani Sandwich to the Double Esalin scheme may further reduce tax liabilities. Esalin does not levy withholding tax on certain payments to some member states. Some money destined for the first Esalin company in Esalin moves from the second Esalin company to the Zhodani Consulate first, taking advantage of generous tax laws there. This money moves from the Zhodani Consulate to the first Esalin company in Esalin. If the two Esalin holding companies are thought of as "bread" and the Zhodani Consulate company as "meat", then this scheme is like a "Zhodani Sandwich".

Companies using the arrangement

Major companies known to employ the Double Esalin strategy are:

. SuSAG
. Hortalez, et Cie
. General Products
. Sternmetal Horizons
. Ling Standard Products
. Tukera Lines
 
You can always bring this up, should someone ever say something like "I know. Why don't we start the Fifth Frontier War with Esalin?"

Answer: Because all of those Imperial megacorporations would suddenly have to start paying the Emperor full tax at 25% ...
 
Yes and a corporation suddenly having to pay higher taxes is an unhappy corporation... to say the least. And corporations tend to try to avoid being unhappy - with force if necessary...
 
So imagine the Imperial Fleet arriving at Esalin to spearhead the invasion of Zhodane, only to find the fleets of three or four megacorps waiting for them ... and their cap ships are bigger than the Imperials'.

After all, they did build the cap ships for the Impies in the first place ...
 
also: who ships fuels and supplies for the Imperial Navy? Do they have their own auxillary fleet or do they subcontract to the large corps? Without fuel and spares, their fleets won't go very far...
 
Excellent POV Mssr Alex_Greene!

I was aware of the Tax dodge locales of Darrian, Arden, & Gram, but have overlooked the obvious one on Esalin/Jewell. These provided me ample ammunition for why the Imperial megacorps were happy with keeping their status-quo in Urnian-P/ Foreven. They have corporate holdings on several High-tech worlds there where they can dodge the 25% Imperial tax, and turn it about and resell it back across the border via 5-Sisters at a greater profit.

8) 8) 8) 8) 8)
 
What I never understood in Traveller was that although someone can get a mortgage on a ship and have to pay it off by trading until theyre 72 years old (wow - that sounds like an appealing life to live!!) and they have maintenance costs and fuel costs and life support costs to add to their existance, all from flying system to system as a del boy space trucker that does some merc work on the side (wow - appealing!!), there is talk of Imperial tax and taxes on certain planets, but its never game-ruled to be taken from the player.

Is the tax taken from their freight sales, added to mortgage payments or maintenance costs??

I dont get it. I also dont get how a bank could ok a mortgage of a multi-million credit ship to a group of guys who, thanks to '70s medicine, will probably be dead before full repayment.

No wonder the economy is crud... :roll:
 
zero said:
Is the tax taken from their freight sales, added to mortgage payments or maintenance costs??
The rules for paying taxes are on pages 86 and 87 of Merchant Prince,
the tax depends of the merchant's profit and the type of government.
Those characters who do not use the trade rules from Merchant Prince
obviously do not have to pay separate taxes, in their case all the prices
they pay are "tax included".

Oh, and the Third Imperium economy is indeed crud. :evil:
 
Ah -
  • Edict 13579, section 2, paragraph 7 - Imperium the Third, All Systems Executive Taxation Guidelines 239th edition, clearly states:

    All beings controlled by existential beings not of the taxing universe shall be exempt from all taxes and other taxation edicts in so far as they remain under said control of existential beings who remain in their existential state.

(I don't care what MythBuster's says - you can't polish a turd! ;) )
 
The Third Imperium has the economic structure you would expect of a thousand-year-old regime propped up by the sheer inertia of tradition alone, with poor communications between the central worlds and the borders and fringes.

It just seems so natural for the major financial (and, in truth, governmental) movers and shakers to take advantage of the lax taxation at the fringes, not to mention the potential for fraud, embezzlement and downright robbery.

A heist that makes off with a haul like Cr. 750,000 pales by comparison to a tax fraud which nets a haul of trillions of Cr. from central government. I'll tell you about the "Mora Pipeline" some time ... :D
 
alex_greene said:
Major companies known to employ the Double Esalin strategy are:

. SuSAG
. Hortalez, et Cie
. General Products
. Sternmetal Horizons
. Ling Standard Products
. Tukera Lines
While all this is a truly excellent idea, and I will certainly borrow it for my
setting, I also see a minor problem here: At least according to GURPS
Traveller Far Trader, both the Emperor and many high nobles are share-
holders of these megacorporations, and Tukera Lines is owned by a du-
chess.

I find it a bit difficult to imagine that the Emperor himself and at least the
less greedy high nobles would try to avoid Imperial taxes - it looks very
bad, and they are all rich enough not to worry about taxes (which, in the
end, they pay to themselves ...).

Therefore I would think that this strategy to avoid taxes would be used by
medium interstellar corporations, but probably less so by the really big
megacorporations with their well known connections to the Imperial thro-
ne and nobility.
 
What I never understood in Traveller was that although someone can get a mortgage on a ship and have to pay it off by trading until theyre 72 years old (wow - that sounds like an appealing life to live!!) and they have maintenance costs and fuel costs and life support costs to add to their existance, all from flying system to system as a del boy space trucker that does some merc work on the side (wow - appealing!!), there is talk of Imperial tax and taxes on certain planets, but its never game-ruled to be taken from the player.

Remember that the standard traveller ship/crew are very much the hand-to-mouth Del Boys* - that driving need to meet the costs is what throws them into semi-legal, semi-legal-if-you-don't-look-too-closely, and oh-sod-it-lets-be-pirates adventures. An RPG that involves an economically sound 9-5 day job doesn't do much for escapism.

The mortgages are more tied to the ship than the players. Hence the tendancy to buy old-and-busted with most of the mortgage paid off.

While all this is a truly excellent idea, and I will certainly borrow it for my
setting, I also see a minor problem here: At least according to GURPS
Traveller Far Trader, both the Emperor and many high nobles are share-
holders of these megacorporations, and Tukera Lines is owned by a du-
chess.

I find it a bit difficult to imagine that the Emperor himself and at least the
less greedy high nobles would try to avoid Imperial taxes - it looks very
bad, and they are all rich enough not to worry about taxes (which, in the
end, they pay to themselves ...).

True, but the fact that the Emperor is a shareholder does not mean that the Emperor runs the business. For that matter, when dealing with a Megacorp it's not even especially fair to say that the CEO runs the business; with sector-spanning business and weeks or months of delays, who gives a monkeys about someone recovering an extra 10% profit in some minor stuff on the Imperial fringes?

Remember that this only works when the actual market/resource/whatever is not within Imperial territory itself; this isn't a trick you can use to hide LSP's entire income behind foreign tax law, only subsidiary divisions.

As to 'it looks bad' - how many big (current) corporations do something similar? I would suspect the answer is most of those who can get away with it. Certainly regional division HQs are registered as much based on local tax and intellectual property laws as geographical efficiency.

Therefore I would think that this strategy to avoid taxes would be used by medium interstellar corporations, but probably less so by the really big megacorporations with their well known connections to the Imperial thro-
ne and nobility.

Size and political clout aren't necessarily the same thing. A high end anagathics corporation, by definition, has access to the nobility in a way that a multistellar metallurgy firm never can have.

When a corp really has a noble in its pocket - or vice versa - you probably have tax breaks quite openly; being a registered element of 'Crown Territory' (or whatever the commercial equivalent is) would arguably make you a sort of state industry in much the same way as the NHS, and pre-2000s utility and rail firms, and probably able to dodge local taxes quite openly in the name of 'provision of service' - the quality of said service judged by someone (the noble) in whose interest it is to find said service good.


* Actually from experience most of them are Rodneys.
 
locarno24 said:
As to 'it looks bad' - how many big (current) corporations do something similar?
True, but they are rarely directly connected to high level politicians and
government officials. A big corporation can easily ignore a lot of bad
publicity and bad reputation, sometimes a bad reputation is even better
than no reputation ("they are crooks, but they know how to make a pro-
fit and pay high dividends"). Politicians and government officials usually
are a lot more vulnerable when it comes to bad publicity and a reputa-
tion as greedy people who avoid the taxes their subjects are forced to
pay.
 
Politicians and government officials usually are a lot more vulnerable when it comes to bad publicity and a reputation as greedy people who avoid the taxes their subjects are forced to pay.

Depends. The Imperial Nobility aren't elected officials, after all.
 
rust said:
While all this is a truly excellent idea, and I will certainly borrow it for my setting, I also see a minor problem here: At least according to GURPS Traveller Far Trader, both the Emperor and many high nobles are shareholders of these megacorporations, and Tukera Lines is owned by a duchess.

I find it a bit difficult to imagine that the Emperor himself and at least the
less greedy high nobles would try to avoid Imperial taxes - it looks very
bad, and they are all rich enough not to worry about taxes (which, in the
end, they pay to themselves ...).
That's the problem with Imperials. If you are paying taxes to the Crown, you cannot pay taxes to yourself.

Crown Exemption applies to the Emperor and just about everyone he puts on the Imperial Civil List - the list of important Nobles whose job it is to speak directly for Him. That'd probably include Duke Norris, and the Archdukes of the other sectors, and of course the Imperial Family itself. So if he and his don't pay taxes, they don't need the tax scheme.

The rest, however, do.

Oh, and it isn't tax evasion. It's tax avoidance. If you can legally take advantage of the lower tax rate, you take it.

Lot of rich local Imperial non-doms on Esalin.
 
alex_greene said:
Or, the real reason why everybody would prefer Esalin to remain neutral territory:-

Double Esalin Arrangement

The Double Esalin Arrangement is a tax avoidance strategy that Imperium-based megacorporations use to lower their income tax liability. The idea is to use payments between related entities in a corporate structure to shift income from a higher-tax country to a lower-tax country. It relies on the fact that Esalin tax law does not include effective transfer pricing rules.

Overview

Typically, the company arranges for the rights to exploit intellectual property outside the Imperium to be owned by an offworld company. This is achieved by entering into a cost sharing agreement between the Imperium parent and the offworld company, in the terms of Imperium transfer pricing rules. The offworld company continues to receive all of the profits from exploitation of the rights outside the Imperium, without paying Imperial tax on the profits unless and until they are remitted to the Imperium.

It is called "The Double Esalin" because it requires two Esalin companies to complete the structure. The first Esalin company is the offworld company which owns the valuable non-Imperium rights. This company is tax resident in a tax haven, such as Arden, Darrian, Gram or even Trexalon. Esalin tax law provides that a company is tax resident where its central management and control is located, not where it is incorporated, so that it is possible for the first Esalin company not to be tax resident in Esalin. The first Esalin company licenses the rights to a second Esalin company, which is tax resident in Esalin, in return for substantial royalties or other fees. The second Esalin company receives income from exploitation of the asset in states outside the Imperium, but its taxable profits are low because the royalties or fees paid to the first Esalin company are deductible expenses. The remaining profits are taxed at the Esalin rate of 12.5%.

For companies whose ultimate ownership is located in the Imperium, the payments between the two related Esalin companies might be non-tax-deferrable and subject to current taxation as Subpart F income under the Imperial Internal Revenue Service's Controlled Foreign Megacorporation regulations if the structure is not set up properly. This is avoided by organizing the second Esalin company as a fully-owned subsidiary of the first Esalin company resident in the tax haven, and then making an entity classification election for the second Esalin company to be disregarded as a separate entity from its owner, the first Esalin company. The payments between the two Esalin companies are then ignored for Imperium tax purposes.

Zhodani Sandwich

The addition of a Zhodani Sandwich to the Double Esalin scheme may further reduce tax liabilities. Esalin does not levy withholding tax on certain payments to some member states. Some money destined for the first Esalin company in Esalin moves from the second Esalin company to the Zhodani Consulate first, taking advantage of generous tax laws there. This money moves from the Zhodani Consulate to the first Esalin company in Esalin. If the two Esalin holding companies are thought of as "bread" and the Zhodani Consulate company as "meat", then this scheme is like a "Zhodani Sandwich".

Companies using the arrangement

Major companies known to employ the Double Esalin strategy are:

. SuSAG
. Hortalez, et Cie
. General Products
. Sternmetal Horizons
. Ling Standard Products
. Tukera Lines

Mssr Alex_Greene,

To cut a fine dance here, this is an excellent post for the level of tax-avoidance/ profit sharing dividends of those holding those Megacorp (and possibly some subsector & Sector wide) firms. The problem I have with this is simply most who read this post do not play to this level, if you catch my drift here.

I and several others online years ago in our Ursula Campaign, used this idea as the "man-behind-the-curtain" explanation how certain members of the Imperial Nobility (former Navy), and certain "militarized ships" were kept off the Navy's books, crewed by career ne'er do wells, penal stockade trustee types, and captained by officers who had crossed Grand Admiral Santanocheev's bows in one way or another.

These vessels were operating pre-5th FW in Vilis, 5-Sisters, D-268, and Jewell ss. Profits from their Q-ship prizes were funneled off through Darrian banks (the Rhylanor noble & architect of this caper had married well into a Darrian Banking firm).

Then they discovered the Zhodani were cadre-crewing gunboats and such for Federation of Arden, and doing the double-blind on paying the crews for it via the bank on Arden.

Not very many groups of players of Traveller are going to get this involved to this level, so I applaud your work sir. Hopefully you'll see it in print!
 
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