Setting up a skimming operation in a system

PsiTraveller said:
I use fuel as an example because it is always needed and the price is set at 500 per ton. So a single purifier can make 10 000 credits per day, every day. This is pretty good money in the OTU.
Except that you will not be getting that very often, since it's much more profitable for freighters to have purifiers onboard and buy unrefined.
 
AnotherDilbert said:
PsiTraveller said:
Let's look at a specific system. Byrni in the Trojan Reach (TR 2527). Tl6 with a Class B starport.
With a small pop and a low tech level it wouldn't be able to defend itself. The starport is clearly not local in origin.

With a large inhabitable planet, it would be Aslan breakfast, unless someone protected it. Given the close Imperial client states, I would guess the Empire enforces a Munroe doctrine regarding the human worlds against the Aslan?

Or perhaps Clan Hkaaiheir protects them?

Atlas notes they export food, import tech to maintain space-tech, resident humans considered honorable by Aslan, and 1/3 pop Hkaaiheir.

I think it's a mix of imported SDBs and the Aslan not harrassing them. Or maybe there's an Aslan cruiser in the system, but that's pretty rare.

edit: I actually don't understand this world. How is it "non-aligned"? I bet the census is out of date and when I get there it'll be an Aslan restaurant, or a client state.
 
Well I like the J3 route of Tyohk or Vorito, Byrni, Tech-World, Acrid as having the best starports along the route if you are heading towards Fist at J3, coming in that way from the Imperium.

Byrni is also the closest to the 90 Billion people market of Browne and a jumping off point for any expeditions that way as well. So justifying an economic interest in Byrni is easy. Cheaper ships will buy unrefined, which the drones could collect as well. Risking someone elses drones and not having to make a piloting roll in a gas giant is an option for smaller ships as well.
 
AnotherDilbert said:
Skimming at a distant gas giant and selling at the starport is generally quite an expensive operation in my experience, because of the distances involved. Note that it can easily take a week for a low acceleration craft to get to the starport.

Skimming a local ocean is much cheaper, if allowed.


Edit:
I once made an attempt at estimating the cost of skimming: http://forum.mongoosepublishing.com/viewtopic.php?p=899759#p899759

I had forgotten that thread. In hindsight I should have said that it would be much cheaper to build a pipeline. :)

You have to wonder if a planet would allow wholesale reduction of its water sources on a large-scale basis. For a world-spanning ocean it isn't a lot, but we also have to remember that this water is leaving the biosphere permanently. Over time it will have an impact - even with the normal amount of loss a planet experiences. Frontier worlds won't have an issue, but older more populated and busy ones would.

Anyone want to do the math on how much water Sylea would have lost over say 10 centuries of trade? Would it really be that much?
 
phavoc said:
Anyone want to do the math on how much water Sylea would have lost over say 10 centuries of trade? Would it really be that much?
How about Terra:
AnotherDilbert said:
The Earth has 360 000 000 000 000 m² of surface water. The oceans are currently raising by about 3 mm / year. We can skim 360 000 000 000 000 * 0,003 = 1 000 000 000 000 m³ or 77 000 000 000 dT water per year without changing the surface level.

A single MdT freighter doing J-3 every other week would use 1 000 000 * 30% * 25 = 7 500 000 dT fuel / year. The Earth could support 10 000 such megaton freighters without changing the surface level.


A gas giant like Jupiter has a volume of ~10²⁴ m³ or about 10²³ dT. It would take 1 000 000 megaton freighters about 10²³ / 10⁶ / 10⁷ = 10¹⁰ years or 10 billion years to deplete the gas giant.


Space is big. Humans are puny.
http://www.travellerrpg.com/CotI/Di...539255&highlight=current+sea+level#post539255
 
AnotherDilbert said:
How about Terra:
AnotherDilbert said:
The Earth has 360 000 000 000 000 m² of surface water. The oceans are currently raising by about 3 mm / year. We can skim 360 000 000 000 000 * 0,003 = 1 000 000 000 000 m³ or 77 000 000 000 dT water per year without changing the surface level.

A single MdT freighter doing J-3 every other week would use 1 000 000 * 30% * 25 = 7 500 000 dT fuel / year. The Earth could support 10 000 such megaton freighters without changing the surface level.

They fuse regular hydrogen? it doesn't require deuterium or tritium?
 
Moppy said:
They fuse regular hydrogen? it doesn't require deuterium or tritium?
That is, as far as I know, undefined.

Given that we can skim any old H source, and that refined fuel is just as big as unrefined fuel, it is generally assumed, at least by me, that "fuel" is all H isotopes mixed as usual.

It is quite possible that we only burn ²H and ³H, and use the rest as coolant. We do know that Traveller spacecraft fusion power plants use huge amounts of fuel for the energy produced.
 
AnotherDilbert said:
How about Terra:
AnotherDilbert said:
The Earth has 360 000 000 000 000 m² of surface water. The oceans are currently raising by about 3 mm / year. We can skim 360 000 000 000 000 * 0,003 = 1 000 000 000 000 m³ or 77 000 000 000 dT water per year without changing the surface level.

A single MdT freighter doing J-3 every other week would use 1 000 000 * 30% * 25 = 7 500 000 dT fuel / year. The Earth could support 10 000 such megaton freighters without changing the surface level.

A gas giant like Jupiter has a volume of ~10²⁴ m³ or about 10²³ dT. It would take 1 000 000 megaton freighters about 10²³ / 10⁶ / 10⁷ = 10¹⁰ years or 10 billion years to deplete the gas giant.

Space is big. Humans are puny.
http://www.travellerrpg.com/CotI/Di...539255&highlight=current+sea+level#post539255

That's because of melting ice caps. At some point they will freeze again and the water will withdraw. Yes, I understand that it takes time, but some planets may actually look in to the future and decide that it's better to no use a resource up like that. Humans do, on occassion, think to the future. The Great Lakes in the US have water restrictions on them due to overuse. Too much water is flowing out or being used by the surrounding states, so they created a compact to change things up and each state is restricted on how much water they may draw.

Jupiter is probably not a good example to cite. it's more than 1300 times the size of earth. But I see your point - it would take some time. But if you think about it in centuries, it's actually quite a bit and could have ramifications that are serious. I just think long term well-settled planets would start placing restrictions, especially if their hydrography was more limited than Earth. A planet with far shallower seas would feel the effect earlier than Earth would.
 
phavoc said:
That's because of melting ice caps. At some point they will freeze again and the water will withdraw.
Not as far as I know. The Arctic polar cap does not matter since it is already floating in the sea. The permanent massive ice caps on land is basically Antartica and Greenland and they are not melting appreciably as far as can be measured.

Current sea level change, which is quite small, has probably been constant for at least a century. As to why, I don't think anyone has a good grip of the complex processes running the oceans and atmosphere.


phavoc said:
Jupiter is probably not a good example to cite. it's more than 1300 times the size of earth.
Jupiter is an example of a gas giant with, for human purposes, functionally infinite supply of hydrogen.


If you don't like the last calculation, how about this:
AnotherDilbert said:
The Earth's surface area is 510 000 000 km², of which 360 000 000 km² or 360 000 000 000 000 m² is water. The top mm of water is 360 000 000 000 000 * 0,001 = 360 000 000 000 m³ or ~25 000 000 000 dT water.

If we skim 310 000 000 dT water for fuel every year it will take us 25 000 000 000 / 310 000 000 ≈ 83 years to lower the oceans 1 mm (1/25").


No-one will notice such puny skimming, ever.

On a tiny world, with tiny oceans we might object on principle. Practically it will not matter.


The top mm of ocean contains tens of billions of Dt of water. It will take skimming trillions of Dt for anyone to notice...
 
AnotherDilbert said:
Not as far as I know. The Arctic polar cap does not matter since it is already floating in the sea. The permanent massive ice caps on land is basically Antartica and Greenland and they are not melting appreciably as far as can be measured.

Current sea level change, which is quite small, has probably been constant for at least a century. As to why, I don't think anyone has a good grip of the complex processes running the oceans and atmosphere.

You may want to go back and look at the science books. Remember the ice age that got mentioned? And the fact that seas covered far more of the planet than they used to? Planetary environments can change over time due to many things.


AnotherDilbert said:
Jupiter is an example of a gas giant with, for human purposes, functionally infinite supply of hydrogen.

A valid point. But the discussion was based upon planetary water being used, not the near infinite supply gas giants would offer. There's no argument there.

AnotherDilbert said:
The Earth's surface area is 510 000 000 km², of which 360 000 000 km² or 360 000 000 000 000 m² is water. The top mm of water is 360 000 000 000 000 * 0,001 = 360 000 000 000 m³ or ~25 000 000 000 dT water.

If we skim 310 000 000 dT water for fuel every year it will take us 25 000 000 000 / 310 000 000 ≈ 83 years to lower the oceans 1 mm (1/25").

No-one will notice such puny skimming, ever.

On a tiny world, with tiny oceans we might object on principle. Practically it will not matter.

The top mm of ocean contains tens of billions of Dt of water. It will take skimming trillions of Dt for anyone to notice...

I will take your math as correct. Though I don't agree that nobody would ever notice. For a planet with 70% hydrography yeah, you may be right. At least for the oceans. Though I will tell you that people do notice a change in the Aral sea. Water was diverted upstream and it has essentially dried up. Now, for the sake of the discussion, if the major starport for a planet happened to be on a large body of water like the Aral sea, it would be no big deal. But over a large period of time skimming the water there would have an impact. Using all water sources your point stands for any planet with a large hydrographic percentage. But local conditions, or say shallow seas that weren't recharged through a lot of rainfall or river flow, then that water use would make a difference.

Aside from that we've already got documented lowering of other bodies of water due to changes in weather conditions and usage by people. The point is sustainability. And I'm sure some planets will have Green or environmentalist parties that may say nyet to local water being used for fuel, hence the need to replace it with fuel from a gas giant (where the supplies are essentially unlimited).
 
phavoc said:
You may want to go back and look at the science books. Remember the ice age that got mentioned? And the fact that seas covered far more of the planet than they used to? Planetary environments can change over time due to many things.
Melting ice caps would certainly affect sea levels, and if we want to change sea levels by many metres that would have to be the primary cause. But a change of a few mm can have many causes, as far as I know. E.g. thermal expansion of the water mass.


phavoc said:
Though I will tell you that people do notice a change in the Aral sea.
The change in the Aral sea is slightly more than a millimetre or two, I believe in the range of tens of metres.
 
AnotherDilbert said:
phavoc said:
You may want to go back and look at the science books. Remember the ice age that got mentioned? And the fact that seas covered far more of the planet than they used to? Planetary environments can change over time due to many things.
Melting ice caps would certainly affect sea levels, and if we want to change sea levels by many metres that would have to be the primary cause. But a change of a few mm can have many causes, as far as I know. E.g. thermal expansion of the water mass.


phavoc said:
Though I will tell you that people do notice a change in the Aral sea.
The change in the Aral sea is slightly more than a millimetre or two, I believe in the range of tens of metres.

Yes. Both points I made go back to the original point - that some places will prohibit local fuel skimming while others won't. and for those that won't allow for it you have to find alternate fuel sources. In this case a local gas giant. Though if a system is lacking in water and gas giants then you'd have to hope for ice.
 
DickTurpin said:
AnotherDilbert said:
The permanent massive ice caps on land is basically Antartica and Greenland and they are not melting appreciably as far as can be measured.
Quite wrong, in spite of what certain ill-informed nation leaders might say: https://www.factcheck.org/2018/01/ice-caps-record-low-not-high/
Yes, as I said the ice caps are not melting appreciably. Note that the estimated melting rates are not much bigger than the estimated error-bars. Its easy to throw around numbers gigatonnes of ice, but that is a still a very small fraction of existing ice.

If we take another random estimate (with more visible error bars):
Sheperd-et-al-2018-fig-1-AIS-mass-balance.jpg


leading to a sea level change of a few mm over a period of decades:
IMBIE-team-2018-figure-2.jpg


Source:
http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/2018/06/mass-balance-antarctic-ice-sheet-1992-2017/

I have no idea who they are or how accurate their quoted science is. The link was more or less randomly chosen by Duckduckgo.


Another paper by Nasa claims that Antarctica is gaining ice:
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddar...ns-of-antarctic-ice-sheet-greater-than-losses


I believe the point here is that different teams of scientists come up with different estimates, all with fairly large error-bars. To claim certainty, or that one team is correct and the other teams are all incorrect, is rather difficult.


It does show that the naked numbers provided by factcheck.org was used misleadingly to create the impression that the ice caps are melting quickly, which they are not. What they failed to mention is that the Antarctic ice cap is in the region of 26500 trillion tonnes of ice, a few billion tonnes here and there is just a rounding error.
 
phavoc said:
Yes. Both points I made go back to the original point - that some places will prohibit local fuel skimming while others won't.
Oh, yes, I will certainly not claim that politics are always rational.
 
AnotherDilbert said:
The Arctic polar cap does not matter since it is already floating in the sea.

That's not true, because much of that artic ice is freshwater (from the sky, to the land, to ice, to breaking and floating off) and therefore there's a density difference.

When freshwater ice melts in salt water, the water level will rise.
 
Moppy said:
AnotherDilbert said:
The Arctic polar cap does not matter since it is already floating in the sea.

That's not true, because much of that artic ice is freshwater (from the sky, to the land, to ice, to breaking and floating off) and therefore there's a density difference.

When freshwater ice melts in salt water, the water level will rise.

And then there is Greenland, whose ice sheets are melting even in the winter. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-46646203
 
Moppy said:
That's not true, because much of that artic ice is freshwater (from the sky, to the land, to ice, to breaking and floating off) and therefore there's a density difference.

When freshwater ice melts in salt water, the water level will rise.
No, one tonne of ice displaces exactly one tonne of water. Since ice as you say has lower density it will float and the rest will stick out of the water.

When the ice melts one tonne of ice turns into one tonne of seawater and the sea level is unchanged.


OK, I can agree that salinity changes can minutely change the density of the seawater, so can theoretically change sea levels a tiny amount, but that is practically close to zero.
 
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