You're data is one second out of date, yes...
Two seconds - takes a second for the laser shot to arrive where you aimed once you fire. Equally, that's assuming no delay in targeting solutions and weapons traverse.
Note that I'm not saying hitting is impossible; as you noted assuming a complete 'potential target sphere' is unrealistic. However it's easily enough to make targeting a challenge, hence the -1 to -3 (depending on your pilot's skill and how your GM sees the
Evade software and dodge reactions as stacking), which is enough to make targeting something to work at.
If passive sensors are good enough to target, then the target won't be evading unless the captain is freekin' paranoid.
True. But then there is no defence, in any logical universe, for "shot in the back of the head by someone you didn't think was a threat". Evasion only matters if we're talking about an onging fight - or at least someone that the enemy has a fair chance of thinking 'is a threat'
If you were shooting at a stationary (or ballistic) target that wasn't attempting to jam, evade, or whatever, then I probably wouldn't make you roll to hit for the first shot unless you were using something that gave away your intention (powering up and traversing something as big and noticable as a bay weapon or lining up a spinal mount is pretty noticable, even if someone isn't explicitely watching your every move.)
Sandcasters used to 'block' lasers or missiles??? WTF? a handful of cubic meters of sand, when dispersed ( dropping its density by insane amounts) in space can affect a missile or laser beam? Ridiculous!
It'd be better to treat sandcasters as chaff and flare dispensers to break target locks and defend the ship by some preventing the ship from getting hit or even targetted, in the first place.
Anti-missile is fair enough. Any missile that's fired from the edge of short range (1250 Km) and is capable of 10g acceleration (standard, non-long range missile) is going to be doing in excess of 11 km/s when it arrives. Collision with even a few grains of sand can be pretty terminal at that point, especially given the fact that the leading edge will be where the seeker heads are.
Anti-laser...yes, there have been enough questions about that in the past. One of the most important ones being how in the name of gods ancient and terrible you "react" to laser fire, which by definition you can't see coming until it arrives, and aren't aware of if it missed you.
I pretty much tend to ignore sandcasters. Lasers are feeble enough as it is, without adding a device that makes them utterly useless. The only time I use them is with pebble rounds to model heavy-calibre autocannons.